Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a chronic condition that develops when the eyes do not produce enough tears or maintain proper moisture. This results in a wide range of symptoms that vary from person to person.
It may be due to reduced tear production or increased evaporation caused by weak oil glands in the eyelids. The effects may include minor dryness, discomfort, blurred vision, infections, or more serious eye irritation.
Symptoms depend on severity, but common complaints include:
Tears protect the cornea by keeping the eye surface moist, smooth, and clear. They wash away dust and contain enzymes that protect from bacteria.
Tear film dysfunction occurs when the eyes fail to maintain proper moisture balance. This creates a scratchy feeling, dryness, stinging, and the sense of something in the eye.
Ironically, some patients produce excessive tears as a response. This explains why watery eyes can also be a symptom of dry eye syndrome care.
Dry eyes often occur naturally due to aging or hormone changes. Women are more likely to develop the condition during pregnancy, menopause, or while taking contraceptives. Women over 50 face about a 50% higher risk.
Medications can also reduce tear production. These include antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure drugs. Environmental factors add risk. Dry, dusty, or windy climates often worsen symptoms. Air conditioning, heating, and prolonged screen use can also trigger dry eye therapy options.
Certain health conditions such as diabetes, lupus, arthritis, thyroid disease, or blepharitis increase risk. Eye surgery, including LASIK, or eyelids that do not close fully may cause dryness. Extended contact lens use may also worsen symptoms.
Diagnosis usually includes a comprehensive exam and a description of symptoms. Tests may also measure tear strength and stability.
One test is TBUT (Tear Break Up Time). A dye is placed in the eye, and the doctor measures how long tears remain stable. Low times usually mean poor oil function.
Another test is the Schirmer test. Paper strips are placed under the eyelid for five minutes to measure tear volume. While less common than TBUT, it is still used when needed. These tests confirm the need for dry eye syndrome care.
Treatment depends on cause and severity. Mild cases often improve with artificial tear solutions or lubricant drops. Prescription drops or short-term steroids may also be used to stimulate tear production.
More severe cases may require punctal inserts that release lubricant slowly. In other cases, punctal plugs are placed to reduce tear drainage. Since eyelid inflammation often contributes, warm compresses, eyelid scrubs, or antibiotics may be suggested.
Doctors may adjust medications or limit contact lens use for comfort. Switching brands or lens types may also reduce dehydration. In advanced cases, a scleral lens for dry eye can protect the cornea and maintain moisture.
If the cause is external, removing it may improve symptoms. Avoid dry air, heaters, fans, hair dryers, or smoke. Wear wraparound glasses in windy or dusty environments.
Use a humidifier to add moisture indoors. When using screens, blink often to maintain moisture. Stay hydrated with 8–10 glasses of water each day.
Avoid rubbing your eyes, as it worsens irritation. These prevention steps support long-term chronic dry eye relief.
Dry eyes do not cause permanent vision loss. But they reduce comfort and quality of life. With many treatments and prevention strategies, you don’t need to endure symptoms.
Your Nashville eye doctor will design a long-term plan to manage dry eye syndrome care and keep your eyes comfortable.
Treatment depends on cause. Options include artificial tear solutions, prescription drops, plugs, and dry eye therapy options.
Yes. Eye irritation and redness are common with dry eye syndrome.
Sometimes, if the cause is temporary. Chronic cases often need consistent care.
Yes. With proper treatment and prevention, patients live comfortably with chronic dry eye relief.
